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(found in: Writer's Café - a scrapbook program for writers)
foregrounding a flashback A technique used in extended flashback in a past tense narrative, whereby the "hads" are quietly dropped several clauses past the onset of the flashback, not used for its duration, and re-employed a clause or two from story's return to its major timeline. Certain kinds of verbs, typically those with vague or imprecise relationships to time (such as linking verbs), function better than others for these "temporal pivots." When you foreground a flashback, you literally bring it forward to the temporal level of the story's major timeline; this allows for less cumbersome verbal structures (no "hads") and draws the reader more deeply into the moment. For more on verbs and their relationship to time, go to English 301, Lesson #6: The Habit of the Tale.
rule of three #2 (cronin) A rule, derived from rule of three #1, that anything important, interesting and useful in your story must appear or happen a minimum of three times. Of course, you don't want your story to be built of obvious triangles of three; the repetitions need to be veiled. Let's say your story involves having a baby. One of the metaphors you use along the way is an Easter egg--suggestive of birth, springtime, the pleasure of opening something up to see what's inside. Fine. Do you need to write a story about an Easter egg hunt? Of course not. (Though it's not the worst idea). Consider: a fortune cookie; a jewelry box; a room with a locked door. Any of these things could be deployed in the story to create a narrative echo and do the same kind of work. How about a moment when somebody goes gets down on his hands and knees to look under the sofa for a lost key? This could echo an earlier moment, a childhood memory, of hunting in the grass for eggs. Typically, the rule of three #2 is a good second draft tool; you look at the story you've made, and the psychological material you've made it with, and you can identify patterns of imagery that your unconscious mind has installed. Conscious awareness then allows you to adjust, amplify, and retool these patterns. For more, see narrative echo and go to Lesson #7: The Cosmology of the Tale.